Jews and Science examines the complicated relationship between Jewish identities and the evolving meanings of science throughout the history of Western academic culture. Jews have been not only the agents for study of things Jewish, but also the subject of examination by “scientists” across a range of disciplines, from biology and bioethics to anthropology and genetics. Even the most recent iteration of Jewish studies as an academic discipline—Israel studies—stresses the global cultural, economic, and social impact of Israeli science and medicine.
The 2022 volume of the Casden Institute’s Jewish Role in American Life series tackles a range of issues that have evolved with the rise of Jewish studies, throughout its evolution from interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary, and now finally as a discipline itself with its own degrees and departments in universities across the world. This book gathers contributions by scholars from various disciplines to discuss the complexity in defining “science” across multiple fields within Jewish studies. The scholars examine the role of the self-defined “Jewish” scholar, discerning if their identification with the object of study (whether that study be economics, criminology, medicine, or another field entirely) changes their perception or status as scientists. They interrogate whether the myriad ways to study Jews and their relationship to science—including the role of Jews in science and scientific training, the science of the Jews (however defined), and Jews as objects of scientific study—alter our understanding of science itself. The contributors of Jews and Science take on the challenge to confront these central problems.
FOREWORD
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
DEFINING SCIENCE; DEFINING JEWS
Science, Imperialism, and Heteromasculinity in the Wissenschaft des Judentums, by Susannah Heschel
Philosophers of Catastrophe: Early Twentieth-Century Jewish Proponents and Opponents of Objectivity in Science, by Steven Gimbel and Stephen Stern
Medical History: A Blank Spot in Jewish Studies?, by Robert Jütte
Jewish Scientists and Scholars at the University of Vienna from the Late Habsburg Period until the Early Post-War Years, by Mitchell G. Ash
HUMAN BIOLOGY: GENETICS IN THE NOW
“Questions Remain”: Racialism, Geneticism, and the Continuing Lure of Jewish Essentialism, by Mitchell B. Hart
Science, Sovereignty, and Diaspora: Alternative Genealogies and DNA Research on Jewish Populations, by Yulia Egorova
ISRAEL STUDIES AND SCIENCE
The Fusion of Zionism and Science: The First Two Decades—and the Present Day?, by Amos Morris-Reich and Danny Trom
Israel as a Laboratory in the Time of COVID-19, by Sander L. Gilman
JEWS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Environmental History and Jewish Studies: Methodological Intersections and Opportunities, by Dean Phillip Bell
Changing Climates: Zionist Medical Climatology in Palestine, 1897–1948, by Netta Cohen
ISRAEL STUDIES AND SCIENCE
Jews and Science: A Note, by David A. Hollinger
Science and Judaism, by Roald Hoffmann
ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS
ABOUT THE USC CASDEN INSTITUTE
Sander L. Gilman is a distinguished professor emeritus of the liberal arts and sciences and emeritus professor of psychiatry at Emory University. A cultural and literary historian, he is the author or editor of over one hundred books, including Difference and Pathology, Seeing the Insane, Jewish Self-Hatred, and ‘I Know Who Caused COVID-19’: Pandemics and Xenophobia. For twenty-five years, Gilman was a member of the humanities and medical faculties at Cornell University, where he held the Goldwin Smith Professorship of Humane Studies. He also taught at the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois Chicago, where he created the Humanities Laboratory. He has been a visiting professor at numerous universities in North America, South Africa, the United Kingdom, Germany, Israel, China, and New Zealand, and served as president of the Modern Language Association in 1995. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
